The nature of science and social reality has always been of interest to Muslim thinkers and sociologists. The main goal is to express the understanding of Muslim sociologists of science and social reality. Is the social reality intended by Muslim sociologists the same social reality as in Western sociology, or, despite the commonality of terminology, is the understanding and explanation of social reality from the perspective of Western sociologists different from the understanding of social reality by Muslim sociologists, and Muslim sociologists try to examine social realities through distinct perspectives, methods, and concepts? The basic research method of the study is descriptive-analytical, the data collection method is library and documentary research, and the data analysis method is qualitative research due to the nature of the research. It was conducted based on a review of the texts of two Iranian sociologists, a Palestinian sociologist living in the United States, and a thinker of Turkish descent. The findings of this study show that the attitude towards science and social reality from the perspective of Muslim thinkers and sociologists, although in terms of form and content, is largely influenced by sociology and Western sociologists, there are also fundamental differences between the two fields of sociology and the two groups of thinkers and sociologists. Conclusion: The holistic view of physics and metaphysics and the perception of the natural world as divine revelation accepts realities and social reality as divine revelation, and such an attitude constitutes the fundamental difference between positivist sociology and the sociology that Muslim sociologists deal with in the form of social reality.