اندیشه سیاسی در اسلام

اندیشه سیاسی در اسلام

بررسی تطبیقی عدالت و سلطه در نظریات غربگرایانه و اسلام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل، گروه حقوق و علوم سیاسی، پردیس دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
یکی از مفاهیم مورد مناقشه در طول تاریخ مفهوم عدالت است. مکاتب مختلف هر کدام به صورت متفاوتی این مفاهیم را تعریف کرده‌اند، به گونه‌ای که مفهوم حقیقی و متعالی عدالت همواره مورد مناقشه بوده است. در این میان برخی از نظریات مانند نوواقع‌گرایی، آشکارا این مفاهیم را در قالب عقلانیت ابزاری تعریف کرده‌اند که این مسئله واکنش نظریات طیف فرااثباتگرا را به همراه داشته است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی جایگاه عدالت و سلطه در نظریات مختلف روابط بین‌الملل با روش توصیفی-تطبیقی است. از آنجا که همه نظریه‌ها به نوعی تعهد فرانظری داشته و مباحث خود را از این دریچه مطرح می‌کنند، پژوهش حاضر مفاهیم عدالت و سلطه در نظریه نوواقع‌گرایی، بعلاوه نظریه انتقادی، مکتب انگلیسی و سازه‌انگاری به نمایندگی از طیف فرااثباتگرا و همچنین اسلام را از دریچه مباحث فرانظری مورد بررسی قرار داده است. پرسش این است که با عنایت به مباحث فرانظری، نظریه‌های اثباتگرا، فرااثباتگرا و اسلام چه دیدگاهی در مورد عدالت و سلطه دارند؟ فرضیه این است که همه مکاتب و نظریه‌ها تنها به یک بعد از حقیقتی چند بعدی پرداخته و دیگر ابعاد آن را مورد توجه قرار نداده‌اند؛ در حالی که اسلام با نگرشی جامع به این موضوع پرداخته و به عدالت از زوایای مختلف توجه کرده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A Comparative study of Justice and Hegemony in Western and Islamic Theories

نویسنده English

reza majdi
PhD student of International Relations, Department of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

One of the disputed concepts throughout history is the concept of justice, and since injustice is associated with oppression and hegemony, these two concepts are often used together. Different schools have defined these concepts in different ways and have emphasized their specific dimensions and angles, so that the true and transcendent concept of justice has always been disputed. In the meantime, some theories such as neo-realism, representing the positivist approach, have clearly defined these concepts in the form of instrumental rationality, which has caused the reaction of post-positivism theories. They object to instrumental rationality and the calculation of material profit and loss, which is the basis of action in positivist theories.The purpose of the current research is to investigate the position of justice and hegemony in different theories of international relations with descriptive-adaptive method. Since all theories have some sort of meta-theoretical commitment and present their discussions through this lens, the current research has examined the concepts of justice and hegemony in the theory of neorealism, in addition to critical theory, the English school and constructivism representing the post-positivism spectrum, as well as Islam through the lens of meta-theoretical issues. The article seeks to understand whether Islamic justice is conceptually compatible with the definitions of justice presented by non-religious thinkers, especially Western ones, or whether it basically expresses a different concept.In this sense, the ontological, epistemological and methodological topics of different theories have been proposed and compared with each other, and based on this, the concepts of justice and domination have been examined.The main question is, considering the meta-theoretical issues, what are the views of positivist, post-positivism and Islam theories about justice and hegemony? The hypothesis is that all schools and theories have only dealt with one dimension of a multi-dimensional truth and have not paid attention to its other dimensions and pillars; While Islam has dealt with this issue with a comprehensive approach and has paid attention to justice from different angles.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Islam
Positivism
Hegemony
Justice
Meta-Theory
Post-Positivist Theories
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