One of the disputed concepts throughout history is the concept of justice, and since injustice is associated with oppression and hegemony, these two concepts are often used together. Different schools have defined these concepts in different ways and have emphasized their specific dimensions and angles, so that the true and transcendent concept of justice has always been disputed. In the meantime, some theories such as neo-realism, representing the positivist approach, have clearly defined these concepts in the form of instrumental rationality, which has caused the reaction of post-positivism theories. They object to instrumental rationality and the calculation of material profit and loss, which is the basis of action in positivist theories.The purpose of the current research is to investigate the position of justice and hegemony in different theories of international relations with descriptive-adaptive method. Since all theories have some sort of meta-theoretical commitment and present their discussions through this lens, the current research has examined the concepts of justice and hegemony in the theory of neorealism, in addition to critical theory, the English school and constructivism representing the post-positivism spectrum, as well as Islam through the lens of meta-theoretical issues. The article seeks to understand whether Islamic justice is conceptually compatible with the definitions of justice presented by non-religious thinkers, especially Western ones, or whether it basically expresses a different concept.In this sense, the ontological, epistemological and methodological topics of different theories have been proposed and compared with each other, and based on this, the concepts of justice and domination have been examined.The main question is, considering the meta-theoretical issues, what are the views of positivist, post-positivism and Islam theories about justice and hegemony? The hypothesis is that all schools and theories have only dealt with one dimension of a multi-dimensional truth and have not paid attention to its other dimensions and pillars; While Islam has dealt with this issue with a comprehensive approach and has paid attention to justice from different angles.