استادیار گروه مطالعات آینده نگر پژوهشکده مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی
Abstract
The topic of this article is the holly violence in the contemporary Islamic world and also its developments in formulation. What is really important in this research is to clarify the parts of Jihad and afterward clarifying the Takfiri beliefs and at last negation of Takfir. In other words the thinkers who have beliefs against modern and western countries and also believe in competing with them urge the Jihad. According to the time and acceptance of superiority of the “other” to uslims from this group of thinkers, specifically in military fields rather than Jihadi thoughts, the idea of holly violence was replaced by addressing the internal enemy (hypocritical, corrupt, apostate, secular, etc). Also it is important to know that the west is prepared to make use of this idea against Muslims as well. This process has put aside already and now it is the coexistence which let the “self” grow and become clear in today’s world. To analyze this issue the philosophical analysis approach is used by reviewing the two processes of holly violence: Jihad and Takfir gathered from the ideas of some of the great contemporary thinkers of Muslim Brotherhood Group (Ikhwan al muslimin)
Abdel Raziq, Ali. (2001). Islam and the Foundations of Political Power. Translated by: Amir Rezaee, Tehran: Ghasideh Sara Publications.
Abdel Samie, Amr. (2000). The Islamists; the voice of dialogue and the sound of bullets. Cairo: Egyptian Lebanese Publishing House, 1st edition.
Al-Bayoumi, Muhammad Rajab. (1997). Min A'lam al-Asr; Kayfa Arafto Haolae (On the flags of time; how did you know them). Cairo: Egyptian Lebanese Publishing House, Vol. 2.
Al-Ghannouchi, Rached. (2000). The Islamic movement and the matter of change. Maghreb Centre for Research and Translation, Beirut: Islamic Publishing Institute.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (1976). Muslim Belief. Egype: Nashr Al-Qahera.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (1982). Cultural Unity Among Muslims Constitution. Kuwait: Dar Al-Qalam, 2nd edition.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (1983). Human rights in the teachings of Islam and the United Nations Declaration. Cairo: Dar Al-Tawfiq Al-Namouzajia, 2nd edition.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (1984). The Trial of the Zionist Goldziher. Sadr Balaghi, Tehran: Hosseiniyeh Ershad Publications, 1st edition.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (1990). Methodological interaction with the Holy Quran(how to deal with Quran). Translated by: Ali Asghar Mohammadi Sijani, Tehran: Islamic Culture Publishing House, First edition.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (1991). Our intellectual heritage in the balance of law and reason. Herndon, Virginia: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2nd edition.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (1997). Islam and Political Tyranny. Cairo: Nahdet Misr for printing and publishing.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (1997). Pragmatism and tolerance between Christianity and Islam. Nahdet Misr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution. 1st edition.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (1998). Sunnah Between Fiqh Scholars and Hadith Scholars. Dar Al Shorouq.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (2000). The secret of backwardness of the Arabs and Muslims. Damascus: Dar Al-Qalam.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (2001). How to understand Islam. Alexandria: Dar Al Dawa for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 4TH EDITION.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (2002). A New Attitude in Understanding Ahadith Nabawiya. Translated by: Davoud Narooyie, Tehran: Ehsan, 1st edition.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (no date). Islam and economic conditions. Seyed Khalil Khalilian, Tehran: Enteshar Publishing Co., Second edition.
Al-Ghazali, Mohammad. (no date). Islam and new disasters. Translated by: Mostafa Zamani, Tehran: Farahani Press Institute.
Al-Hudaibi, Hasan Ismail. (1959). Preachers, Not Judges. Cairo: Islamic Publishing and Distribution House
Al-Hudaibi, Hasan Ismail. (no date). Our constitution; Messages of the Guide Imam. Cairo: Nahw Al-Noor.
Al-Majzoub, Mohammad. (1992). Scholars and Thinkers I Know. Riyadh: Part II, Dar El Shawaf Publishing and Distribution House Al-Zaher, Mohammad Kamel. (1993). The conflict between religious and secular movements in modern and contemporary Arab thought. Beirut: Al - Biruni Printing & Publishing House, 1st edition.
Ashmawi, Muhammad Saeed. (2003). Islamism or Islam? Translated by: Amir Rezaee, Tehran: Ghasideh Sara Publications.
Bahrani, Morteza. (2011). The political thought of Mohammad ibn Zakariya Razi. Cited from: The political thought of Muslim thinkers, Compiled by: Ali Akbar Alikhani, Institute for Social and Cultural Studies, Vol. 1.
Corbin, Henry. (2005). The History of Islamic Philosophy. Translated by: Javad Tabatabai, Kavir, 4th edition.
Ibn Taymiyyah. (1959). Al-Siyasa al-Shariyya fi Islah al Ra'y wa al-Raiya (Governance According to God's Law in Reforming Both the Ruler and His Flock). Reviewed and interpreted by: Mohammad Abdullah al-Sobhan, Medina: Al-maktab al-Elmiyah.
Ibn Taymiyyah. (1995). Majmu 'Fatawa of Shaykh al-Islam ibn Taymiyyah (Total Fatawa of ibn Taymiyyah). Compiled by: Abd al-Rahman bin Mohammad bin Qasim, Sa'eda Abneh Mohammad, Al-Majled al-Samin wa Eshroun, Saudi Arabia: Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Call and Guidance in Saudi Arabia.
Mabrouk, Mohammad Ebrahim. (1998). The reality of secularism and the conflict between Islamists and secularists. Damascus: Islamic Publishing and Distribution House.
Nettler, Ronald. (2001). Islam and Modernity. Translated by: Soudabeh Karimi, Tehran: Institute For Political And International Studies.
Owais, Abd al-Halim. (2000). Sheikh Mohammad Al-Ghazali; his history, efforts and views. Damascus: Dar Al-Ilm
Qabaa for printing, publishing and distribution.
Razi, Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya. (1990). Rasael Falsafia (Phiolosphical Letters (supplemented by pieces of his lost books)). Beirut: Manshurat Dar al-'Afaq al-Jadida (New Horizons Publishing House), Sixth edition
Sawwaf, Mohammed Mahmoud. (1950). The pure wives of the Prophet Mohammad and the reasons for their multiplicity. Cairo: Dar al-Etesam, First edition in Baghdad, 1950.
Sawwaf, Mohammed Mahmoud. (1953). Voice of Islam in Iraq. Baghdad: Islamic Printing & Publishing Co. Ltd. 1st edition.
Sawwaf, Mohammed Mahmoud. (1963). Colonial planes to combat Islam. Mecca: Dar Al Thaqafa Printing Press, 1st edition.
Sawwaf, Mohammed Mahmoud. (1967). Colonial planes to combat Islam. Translated by: Javad Hashtroodi, Tehran: Farahani, (1967); Tehran: Saeed Nou, (1978).
Sawwaf, Mohammed Mahmoud. (1986). Between shepherds and preachers. Beirut: AL Resala Foundation. 4th edition.
Sawwaf, Mohammed Mahmoud. (1986). From Quran to Quran; to call and invite [people to Islam]. Beirut: AL Resala Foundation. 4th edition.
Sawwaf, Mohammed Mahmoud. (1987). Sighting the Judgment Day with your own eyes. Beirut: Al Resala Foundation, 9th edition.
Sawwaf, Mohammed Mahmoud. (1989). A glance at Surah Al-Hujurat. Beirut: AL Resala Foundation. 7th edition.
Sawwaf, Mohammed Mahmoud. (1989). Teaching the prayer. Beirut: AL Resala Foundation. 17th edition.
Shaltut, Mahmud. (no date of publication). War and Peace in Islam. Sharif Rahmani, Tehran: Besat Publications
Tantawi, Ali. (1990). Men of History. 2nd edition, Al-Manara Publishing and Distributing House.
Tizini, Tayyeb. (2001). Arab reality and the third millennium. In a symposium on dialogues of thought, The Arab Reality and the Challenges of the third millennium, Compiled by: Nasif Nassar, Abdul-Hamid Shuman Institute, No. 3, Amman.
Zakariyya, Fouad. (1998). Reality and illusion in the contemporary Islamic movement. Cairo: Dar
bahrani,M. (2000). Jihad and Takfir in Islamic World: From Fiqh-al-Khilafa to Fiqh-al-Maslaha. The Journal of Political Thought in Islam, 3(10), 125-144.
MLA
bahrani,M. . "Jihad and Takfir in Islamic World: From Fiqh-al-Khilafa to Fiqh-al-Maslaha", The Journal of Political Thought in Islam, 3, 10, 2000, 125-144.
HARVARD
bahrani M. (2000). 'Jihad and Takfir in Islamic World: From Fiqh-al-Khilafa to Fiqh-al-Maslaha', The Journal of Political Thought in Islam, 3(10), pp. 125-144.
CHICAGO
M. bahrani, "Jihad and Takfir in Islamic World: From Fiqh-al-Khilafa to Fiqh-al-Maslaha," The Journal of Political Thought in Islam, 3 10 (2000): 125-144,
VANCOUVER
bahrani M. Jihad and Takfir in Islamic World: From Fiqh-al-Khilafa to Fiqh-al-Maslaha. The Journal of Political Thought in Islam, 2000; 3(10): 125-144.
